... finite element analysis Galerkin method elasto-plastic contact adaptive rough surface threshold Real engineering surfaces are not perfectly smooth, where micro/nano irregular protuberances exist. Topography of rough surfaces is one of the key factors influencing surface performance...

... shapes (structures) internal stresses rough surfaces finite element analysis Galerkin method linear programming integration Contact problems are usually nonlinear, in terms of geometry, elasticity, or both. Solving contact problems for elements with rough surfaces is a great challenge...

... pressures, stress contours and deformed profiles of different cylinder sizes and applied loads are illustrated and discussed. The results are compared to published solutions, and good agreements are observed. aluminium copper iron adhesion adhesives finite element analysis Galerkin method...