Thermocapillary migration is an interfacial phenomenon that describes liquid flow on a nonisothermal surface from warm to cold regions in the absence of external forces. It is a typical lubricant loss mechanism in tribosystems. To ensure continued reliability of lubricated assemblies, knowledge of the migration capacity of different liquids and solids is needed. In the present work, migration experiments were conducted on various liquid lubricants on different solid surfaces. It was found that polar lubricants such as ionic liquids and polyethylene glycol hardly migrate on the tested surfaces, and the antimigration capacity of the polytetrafluoroethylene surface was discovered to be very high. Particular attention is paid to the migration mechanism associated with surface tension and contact angle. General guidelines for evaluating the migration capacities of different liquids on solids are proposed.
Issue Section:
Lubricants
References
1.
Khonsari
, M. M.
, and Booser
, E. R.
, 2008
, Applied Tribology: Bearing Design and Lubrication
, John Wiley & Sons Ltd
, Chichester
.2.
Amiri
, M.
, and Khonsari
, M. M.
, 2010
, “On the Thermodynamics of Friction and Wear—A Review
,” Entropy
, 12
(5
), pp. 1021
–1049
. 3.
Tadmor
, R.
, 2009
, “Marangoni Flow Revisited
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
, 332
(2
), pp. 451
–454
. 4.
Bormashenko
, E.
, Bormashenko
, Y.
, Grynyov
, R.
, Aharoni
, H.
, Whyman
, G.
, and Binks
, B. P.
, 2015
, “Self-Propulsion of Liquid Marbles: Leidenfrost-Like Levitation Driven by Marangoni Flow
,” J. Phys. Chem. C
, 119
(18
), pp. 9910
–9915
. 5.
Dai
, Q.
, Khonsari
, M. M.
, Shen
, C.
, Huang
, W.
, and Wang
, X.
, 2017
, “On the Migration of a Droplet on an Incline
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
, 494
, pp. 8
–14
. 6.
Dai
, Q.
, Huang
, W.
, Wang
, X.
, and Khonsari
, M. M.
, 2018
, “Ringlike Migration of a Droplet Propelled by an Omnidirectional Thermal Gradient
,” Langmuir
, 34
(13
), pp. 3806
–3812
. 7.
Chen
, J. Z.
, Troian
, S. M.
, Darhuber
, A. A.
, and Wagner
, S.
, 2005
, “Effect of Contact Angle Hysteresis on Thermocapillary Droplet Actuation
,” J. Appl. Phys.
, 97
(1
), p. 014906
. 8.
Dai
, Q.
, Huang
, W.
, and Wang
, X.
, 2018
, “Contact Angle Hysteresis Effect on the Thermocapillary Migration of Liquid Droplets
,” J. Colloid Interface Sci.
, 515
, pp. 32
–38
. 9.
Kannel
, J. W.
, and Dufrane
, K. F.
, 1986
, “Rolling Element Bearings in Space
,” 20th Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium
, Cleveland, OH
, May 7–9
, pp. 121
–132
.10.
Pratap
, V.
, Moumen
, N.
, and Subramanian
, R. S.
, 2008
, “Thermocapillary Motion of a Liquid Drop on a Horizontal Solid Surface
,” Langmuir
, 24
(9
), pp. 5185
–5193
. 11.
Bakli
, C.
, Sree Hari
, P. D.
, and Chakraborty
, S.
, 2017
, “Mimicking Wettability Alterations Using Temperature Gradients for Water Nanodroplets
,” Nanoscale
, 9
(34
), pp. 12509
–12515
. 12.
Sathyan
, K.
, Hsu
, H. Y.
, Lee
, S. H.
, and Gopinath
, K.
, 2010
, “Long-Term Lubrication of Momentum Wheels Used in Spacecrafts—An Overview
,” Tribol. Int.
, 43
(1–2
), pp. 259
–267
. 13.
Jones
, W. R.
, and Jansen
, M. J.
, 2008
, “Tribology for Space Applications
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J J. Eng. Tribol.
, 222
(8
), pp. 997
–1004
. 14.
Liu
, W.
, Weng
, L.
, and Sun
, J.
, 2009
, Space Lubrication Materials and Technical Manuals
, Science Press
, Beijing
.15.
Roberts
, E. W.
, and Todd
, M. J.
, 1990
, “Space and Vacuum Tribology
,” Wear
, 136
(1
), pp. 157
–167
. 16.
Zaretsky
, E. V.
, 1990
, “Liquid Lubrication in Space
,” Tribol. Int.
, 23
(2
), pp. 75
–93
. 17.
Chaudhury
, M. K.
, 2003
, “Spread the Word About Nanofluids
,” Nature
, 423
, pp. 131
–132
. 18.
Ke
, H.
, Huang
, W.
, and Wang
, X.
, 2016
, “Controlling Lubricant Migration Using Ferrofluids
,” Tribol. Int.
, 93
, Part A, pp. 318
–323
. 19.
Dai
, Q.
, Li
, M.
, Khonsari
, M. M.
, Huang
, W.
, and Wang
, X.
, 2018
, “The Thermocapillary Migration on Rough Surfaces
,” Lubr. Sci.
20.
Dai
, Q.
, Huang
, W.
, and Wang
, X.
, 2015
, “A Surface Texture Design to Obstruct the Liquid Migration Induced by Omnidirectional Thermal Gradients
,” Langmuir
, 31
(37
), pp. 10154
–10160
. 21.
Tian
, D.
, He
, L.
, Zhang
, N.
, Zheng
, X.
, Dou
, Y.
, Zhang
, X.
, Guo
, Z.
, and Jiang
, L.
, 2016
, “Electric Field and Gradient Microstructure for Cooperative Driving of Directional Motion of Underwater Oil Droplets
,” Adv. Funct. Mater.
, 26
(44
), pp. 7986
–7992
. 22.
Zhang
, M.
, Wang
, L.
, Hou
, Y.
, Shi
, W.
, Feng
, S.
, and Zheng
, Y.
, 2015
, “Controlled Smart Anisotropic Unidirectional Spreading of Droplet on a Fibrous Surface
,” Adv. Mater.
, 27
(34
), pp. 5057
–5062
. 23.
Fusaro
, R. L.
, 2001
, “Preventing Spacecraft Failures Due to Tribological Problems
,” NASA/TM-2001-210806.24.
Bonn
, D.
, Eggers
, J.
, Indekeu
, J.
, Meunier
, J.
, and Rolley
, E.
, 2009
, “Wetting and Spreading
,” Rev. Mod. Phys.
, 81
(2
), pp. 739
–805
. 25.
Muratore
, C.
, and Voevodin
, A. A.
, 2009
, “Chameleon Coatings: Adaptive Surfaces to Reduce Friction and Wear in Extreme Environments
,” Annu. Rev. Mater. Res.
, 39
(1
), pp. 297
–324
. 26.
Öztürk
, A.
, Ezirmik
, K. V.
, Kazmanlı
, K.
, Ürgen
, M.
, Eryılmaz
, O. L.
, and Erdemir
, A.
, 2008
, “Comparative Tribological Behaviors of TiN, CrN and MoNCu Nanocomposite Coatings
,” Tribol. Int.
, 41
(1
), pp. 49
–59
. 27.
Miyoshi
, K.
, 2007
, “Solid Lubricants and Coatings for Extreme Environments: State-of-the-Art Survey
,” NASA/TM-2007-214668.28.
Brochard
, F.
, 1989
, “Motions of Droplets on Solid Surfaces Induced by Chemical or Thermal Gradients
,” Langmuir
, 5
(2
), pp. 432
–438
. 29.
Ford
, M. L.
, and Nadim
, A.
, 1994
, “Thermocapillary Migration of an Attached Drop on a Solid Surface
,” Phys. Fluids
, 6
(9
), pp. 3183
–3185
. 30.
Dai
, Q.
, Khonsari
, M. M.
, Shen
, C.
, Huang
, W.
, and Wang
, X.
, 2016
, “Thermocapillary Migration of Liquid Droplets Induced by a Unidirectional Thermal Gradient
,” Langmuir
, 32
(30
), pp. 7485
–7492
. 31.
Cheng
, T.
, Zhao
, B.
, Chao
, J.
, Meeks
, S. W.
, and Velidandea
, V.
, 2000
, “The Lubricant Migration Rate on the Hard Disk Surface
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 9
(3–4
), pp. 181
–185
.32.
Foroutan
, M.
, Fatemi
, S. M.
, Esmaeilian
, F.
, Naeini
, V. F.
, and Baniassadi
, M.
, 2018
, “Contact Angle Hysteresis and Motion Behaviors of a Water Nano-Droplet on Suspended Graphene Under Temperature Gradient
,” Phys. Fluids
, 30
(5
), p. 052101
. 33.
Karapetsas
, G.
, Sahu
, K. C.
, and Matar
, O. K.
, 2013
, “Effect of Contact Line Dynamics on the Thermocapillary Motion of a Droplet on an Inclined Plate
,” Langmuir
, 29
(28
), pp. 8892
–8906
. 34.
Dussan V
, E. B.
, 1985
, “On the Ability of Drops or Bubbles to Stick to Non-Horizontal Surfaces of Solids. Part 2. Small Drops or Bubbles Having Contact Angles of Arbitrary Size
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 151
, pp. 1
–20
. 35.
Tadmor
, R.
, 2004
, “Line Energy and the Relation Between Advancing, Receding, and Young Contact Angles
,” Langmuir
, 20
(18
), pp. 7659
–7664
. 36.
De Gennes
, P.
, 1985
, “Wetting: Statics and Dynamics
,” Rev. Mod. Phys.
, 57
(3
), pp. 827
–863
. 37.
Wasan
, D. T.
, Nikolov
, A. D.
, and Brenner
, H.
, 2001
, “Droplets Speeding on Surfaces
,” Science
, 291
(5504
), pp. 605
–606
. 38.
Adamson
, A. W.
, and Gast
, A. P.
, 1997
, Physical Chemistry of Surface
, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
, New York
.39.
Hayes
, R.
, Warr
, G. G.
, and Atkin
, R.
, 2010
, “At the Interface: Solvation and Designing Ionic Liquids
,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
, 12
(8
), pp. 1709
–1723
. 40.
Mezger
, M.
, Schröder
, H.
, Reichert
, H.
, Schramm
, S.
, Okasinski
, J. S.
, Schöder
, S.
, Honkimäki
, V.
, Deutsch
, M.
, Ocko
, B. M.
, Ralston
, J.
, Rohwerder
, M.
, Stratmann
, M.
, and Dosch
, H.
, 2008
, “Molecular Layering of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids at a Charged Sapphire (0001) Surface
,” Science
, 322
(5900
), pp. 424
–428
. Copyright © 2019 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
