Estimation of Heat-Transfer Coefficients, the Upward Heat Flow, and Evaporation in a Solar Still

The present work enables prediction of the performance of a solar still through simple calculations. Estimation of the temperature of the glass cover by an empirical relation developed in this work permits calculation of the heat-transfer coefficients, the upward heat flow, and evaporation. Since some of the heat-transfer coefficients vary substantially and nonlinearly with temperature, the empirical relation developed for glass cover temperature is based on an approximate solution of the heat balance equation. Hence, the overall upward heat flow factor is obtained with a maximum absolute error of three percent compared to the value obtained through a numerical solution of the heat balance equation along with the relations for vapor pressure and latent heat. The fraction of upward heat flow utilized for evaporation is determined with a maximum absolute error of 0.5 percent. The range of variables covered is 30°C to 80°C in water temperature, 5W/m²K to 40W/m²K in wind heat-transfer coefficient, and 5°C to 40°C in ambient temperature.