Abstract
In this work, aluminum piston alloy-based nano-composites of high strength and ductility with large damping capacity were produced. Ni particles and Al2O3 particles were used as reinforcing agents to produce three nano-composites by adding three mixtures of these particles to the melt of Al-Si piston alloy at 700°C and application of stirring and squeeze casting. In addition, three micro-composites were produced by adding Ni particles of different percentages to the melt of the same matrix alloy and application of mechanical stirring and squeeze casting with the same conditions. The microstructures of the different materials were investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis was carried out to analyze the elements of the reinforcing and matrix materials. Ultimate tensile strengths and engineering strains of the unreinforced and reinforced materials were evaluated by carrying out tension tests at room temperature. Modal tests were also carried out to evaluate the dynamic characteristics: natural frequency and damping ratio. The tests showed that the ultimate tensile strengths, ductility, and damping capacity of these composites were improved by the increase of both Ni and/or Al2O3 contents. A dynamic life indicator (damping ratio divided by natural frequency) is calculated for each material and showed a significant increase with the increase of nano-particles and/or micro-particles. By carrying out the experiments at different conditions, the mechanical properties, modal characteristics (such as natural frequency and damping ratio), and life indicator can be correlated. By constructing relationships between these properties and dynamic characteristics, the vibration modal analysis can be used for prediction of these properties and characteristics non-destructively.
References
1.
Shenqing
, W.
and Jum
, L.
, “Application of Ceramic Short Fiber Reinforced Al Alloy Matrix Composite on Piston for Internal Combustion Engines
,” China Foundry
, Vol. 7
, 2010
, pp. 408
–411
.2.
Lee
, J. A.
, “High-Strength Aluminum Casting Alloy for High-Temperature Applications (MSFC Center Director's Discretionary Fund Final Report, Project No. 97-10)
,” Report No. TM-1998-209004, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
, Huntsville, Alabama, 1998
.3.
Andersson
, P.
, Tamminen
, J.
, and Sandström
, C.-E.
, “Piston Ring Tribology—A Literature Survey
,” VTT Industrial Systems
, Tampere
, Finland
, 2002
.4.
Ye
, H.
, “An Overview of the Development of Al-Si Alloy Based Material for Engine Applications
,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (JMEPEG)
, Vol. 12
, No. 3
, 2003
, pp. 288
–297
. https://doi.org/10.1361/1059949037703431325.
Mahadevan
, R.
and Gopal
, R.
, “Selectively Reinforced Squeeze Cast Pistons
,” 68th WFC—World Foundry Congress
, Chennai, India
, February 7–10, 2008
, World Foundry Organization Ltd
, pp. 379
–384
.6.
Smoljan
, B.
, Tomasic, N., and Smokvina, S., “Composites in Manufacturing of Vehicles
,” The 11th International Scientific Conference on Achievements in Mechanical and Materials Engineering (AMME)
, Gliwice-Zakopane, Poland
, December 15–18, 2002
, Materials Science Committee of Polish Academy of Sciences, Silesian University of Technology of Gliwice, Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Association of Alumni of Silesian University of Technology
, pp. 511
–514
.7.
Prasad
, D. S.
and Krishna
, A. R.
, “Production and Mechanical Properties of A356.2/RHA Composites
,” Int. J. Adv. Sci. Technol.
, Vol. 33
, 2011
, pp. 51
–58
.8.
Yu
, H.
, 2010
, “Processing Routes for Aluminum Based Nano-Composites
,” M.Sc. thesis, Material Science and Engineering, the Faculty of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute
, Worcester, MA.9.
Rosso
, M.
, “Ceramic and Metal Matrix Composites: Route and Properties
,” The 12th International Scientific Conference on Achievements in Mechanical and Materials Engineering (AMME)
, Gliwice-Zakopane, Poland
, December 7–10, 2003
, Materials Science Committee of Polish Academy of Sciences, Silesian University of Technology of Gliwice, Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Association of Alumni of Silesian University of Technology
.10.
Su-ling
, C.
, Gen-cang
, Y.
, Man
, Z.
, Jin-cheng
, W.
, and Yao-he
, Z.
, “Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanisms of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced by Al9(Co, Ni)2 Intermetallics
,” Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China
, Vol. 20
, 2010
, pp. 572
–576
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(09)60180-111.
Zhang
, H.
, Maljkovic
, N.
, and Mitchell
, B. S.
, “Structure and Interfacial Properties of Nanocrystalline Aluminum/Mullite Composites
,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A
, Vol. 326
, 2002
, pp. 317
–323
. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01500-312.
Katiyar
, P.
, 2004
, “Processing Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Mechanically Alloyed Al-Al2O3 Nanocomposites
,” M.S. thesis, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida
, Orlando, FL, p. 116.13.
Sajjadi
, S. A.
, Ezatpour
, H. R.
, and Parizi
, M. T.
, “Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A356 Aluminum Alloy/Al2O3 Composites Fabricated by Stir and Compo-Casting Processes
,” Mater. Design J.
, Vol. 34
, 2012
, pp. 106
–111
. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.07.03714.
Yadav
, R. K.
, Hasan
, N.
and Yadav
, A.
, “Studies on Mechanical Properties of Al-Based Cast Composites
,” Int. J. Comput. Sci. Manage. Stud. (IJCSMS)
, Vol. 11
, 2011
, pp. 104
–109
.15.
Raghuram
, K. S.
and Raju
, N. V. S.
, “Characterization Study on the Variation of Weight Percentage of Alumina Aluminum In-Situ Particulate Reinforced Composite Material
,” Innovat. Syst. Design Eng. J.
, Vol. 2
, 2011
, pp. 1
–7
.16.
Yang
, Y.
and Li
, X.
, “Ultrasonic Cavitation-Based Nanomanufacturing of Bulk Aluminum Matrix Nanocomposites
,” J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.
, Vol. 129
, 2007
, pp. 497
–501
.17.
Borgonovo
, C.
, Apelian
, D.
, and Makhlouf
, M. M.
, “Aluminum Nano-Composites for Elevated Temperature Applications
,” JOM
, Vol. 63
, 2011
, pp. 57
–64
.18.
Borgonovo
, C.
, 2010
, “Aluminum Nano-Composites for Elevated Temperature Applications
,” M.Sc. thesis, Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute
, Worcester, MA.19.
Borgonovo
, C.
and Apelian
, D.
, “Manufacture of Aluminum Nanocomposites: A Critical Review
,” Mater. Sci. Forum
, Vol. 678
, 2011
, pp. 1
–22
. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.678.120.
Dolata-Grosz
, A.
, Dyzia
, M.
, Sleziona
, J.
, and Wieczorek
, J.
, “Composites Applied for Pistons
,” Arch. Foundry Eng.
, Vol. 7
, 2007
, pp. 37
–40
.21.
El-Desouky
, A. R.
, Attia, A. N., and Gado, M. M., “Damping Behavior of Composite Materials
,” The 13th International Modal Analysis Conference IMAC XIII
, Nashville, TN
, February 13–16, 1995
, Society for Experimental Mechanics (SEM)
, pp. 275
–284
.22.
Tremaine
, K.
, 2012
, “Modal Analysis of Composite Structures with Damping Material
,” M.Sc. thesis, Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of California at Polytechnic State University
, San Luis Obispo, CA.23.
Yadollahpour
, M.
, Kadkhodapour
, J.
, Ziaei-Rad
, S.
, and Karimzadeh
, F.
, “An Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Damping Capacity of Nanocomposite
,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A
, Vol. 507
, 2009
, pp. 149
–154
. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.01.01624.
Yamatogi
, T.
, Murayama
, H.
, Uzawa
, K.
, Kageyama
, K.
, and Watanabe
, N.
, “Study on Cavitation Erosion of Composite Materials for Marine Propeller
,” The 17th International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM 17)
, Edinburgh, UK
, July 27-31, 2009
, Edinburgh International Convention Centre (EICC)
.25.
Young
, Y. L.
, “Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Flexible Composite Marine Propellers
,” J. Fluids Struct.
, Vol. 24
, 2008
, pp. 799
–818
. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2007.12.01026.
Colakoglu
, M.
, “Damping and Vibration Analysis of Polyethylene Fiber Composite under Varied Temperature
,” Turkish J. Eng. Environ. Sci.
, Vol. 30
, 2006
, pp. 351
–357
.27.
Surappa
, M. K.
, “Aluminium Matrix Composites: Challenges and Opportunities
,” Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences by Indian Academy of Sciences (SADHANA)
, Vol. 28
, 2003
, pp. 319
–334
.28.
Umashankar
, K. S.
, Alva
, A.
, Gangadharan
, K. V.
, and Desai
, V.
, “Damping Behaviour of Cast and Sintered Aluminum
,” J. Eng. Appl. Sci.
, Vol. 4
, 2009
, pp. 66
–71
.29.
El-Tobgy
, M.
, El-Khatib
, A.
, and Helaly
, M.
, “Can Modal Parameters be used in Estimating the Fatigue Life of Engineering Components?
” The 30th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering
, Tinos Island, Aegean Sea, Greece
, June 29–July 2, 2002
, International Journal of Computers and Industrial Engineering
, pp. 209
–214
.30.
Thakur
, S. K.
and Dhindaw
, B. K.
, “The Influence of Interfacial Characteristics between SiCp and Mg/Al Metal Matrix on Wear, Coefficient of Friction and Microhardness
,” Wear
, Vol. 247
, 2001
, pp. 191
–201
. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00536-631.
Smillie
, M.
, 2006
, “Casting and Analysis of Squeeze Cast Aluminium Silicon Eutectic Alloy
,” Ph.D. thesis, Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury
, Christchurch, New Zealand.32.
Deuis
, R. L.
, Subramanian
, C.
, and Yellup
, J. M.
, “Dry Sliding Wear of Aluminum Composites—A Review
,” Comp. Sci. Technol.
, Vol. 57
, 1997
, pp. 415
–435
. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(96)00167-433.
Kang
, N. C.
and Chan
, S. L.
, “Tensile Properties of Nanometric Al2O3 Particulate-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites
,” Mater. Chem. Phys.
, Vol. 85
, 2004
, pp. 438
–443
. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.02.00234.
Chawla
, N.
and Shen
, Y. -L.
, “Mechanical Behavior of Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites
,” Adv. Eng. Mater.
, Vol. 3
, 2001
, pp. 357
–370
. https://doi.org/10.1002/1527-2648(200106)3:6<357::AID-ADEM357>3.0.CO;2-I35.
Thirumalai
, R.
and Gibson
, R.
, “Characterization of Dynamic Extensional Modulus and Damping of Reinforcing Fibers of Advanced Composites at Elevated Temperatures
,” Damping of Multiphase Inorganic Materials Symposium, ASM Materials Week
, Chicago, IL
, Nov 2–5, 1992
, ASM International
, pp. 37
–46
.36.
Arsenault
, R. J.
and Shi
, N.
, “Dislocation Generation due to Differences between the Coefficients of Thermal Expansion
,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A
, Vol. 81
, 1986
, pp. 175
–187
. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(86)90261-2
This content is only available via PDF.
All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of ASTM International.
You do not currently have access to this content.
