...Simon S. Park A spindle integrated cutting force system where piezoelectric force sensors are embedded in the spindle housing is studied. The transfer function between the force experienced at the end mill and measured at the spindle integrated force sensor varies depending on the tool length...

... in the JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING . Manuscript received February 14, 2003; revised February 28, 2004. Associate Editor: K. Danai. 14 February 2003 28 February 2004 21 03 2005 dies (machine tools) presses signal classification force sensors statistical analysis...

... April 2001; Revised March 2002. Associate Editor: A. Shih. 01 April 2001 01 March 2002 15 04 2003 grinding force sensors piezoelectric transducers plastic deformation Two grinding experiments demonstrate the concept. The measured normal forces during...