...-T4 with fracture strains measured, respectively, via a modified angled line method and thickness reductions. After a verification of material hardening laws, the identified failure criterion was implemented into 2D and 3D finite element hemming simulations for fracture predictions. The findings...

... lightweight materials finite element analysis failure criterion Lightweight vehicles have become a key target for car manufacturers due to ever-increasing concerns about minimizing environmental impact and maximizing fuel economy without sacrificing the vehicle performance, comfort...