... 05 12 2008 11 03 2009 aerodynamics computational fluid dynamics drag reduction laminar flow road vehicles aerodynamic undercarriage skirts tank vehicle tanker nozzle boat-tails drag penetration consumption vehicle articulated From its inception, aerodynamics...

... with the factor ζ defined by ζ = ρ U 2 l ∕ 2 . For the yawing moment coefficient, C M Z , an additional length is introduced, the streamwise length of the body (in road vehicles the wheel-base is sometimes used). The yawing moment coefficient C M Z is then 2 C M...

...Antonio Filippone A theoretical model based on an indicial method is proposed to simulate the unsteady response of a series of road vehicles, including high-speed trains, sports utility vehicles, sports cars, caravans, and pick-up trucks. The response is described in the frequency domain...

...; revised manuscript received October 30, 2002. Associate Editor: J. Marshall. 09 April 2002 30 October 2002 09 06 2003 external flows flow simulation aerodynamics drag road vehicles computational fluid dynamics The time-averaged flow around cars is fairly well known...