Fig. 1 Computational domain: ( a ) domain size for three bubble merger case and ( b ) initial temperature profile More about this image found in Computational domain: ( a ) domain size for three bubble merger case and ( ...

Fig. 2 Simulation flowchart showing the process used for the customization of the ansys - fluent software to simulate 3D bubble merging effects More about this image found in Simulation flowchart showing the process used for the customization of the ...

Fig. 3 Growth and departure of two bubbles merging,   t * = 0.07 to t * = 1 shows individual bubble growth, t * = 0.2 represents the merging bubble with trapped liquid, and t * = 0.6 to t * = 1 captures necking an... More about this image found in Growth and departure of two bubbles merging,   t * = 0.07 ...

Fig. 4 Single bubble growth and departure from a heated surface with the use of adaptive mesh,   40   μ m   to   20   μ m at the interface. Adapted from Ref. [ 13 ]. More about this image found in Single bubble growth and departure from a heated surface with the use of ad...

Fig. 5 Comparison of bubble merger showing bubble dynamics as the bubble merges and departs the heated surface. Top row—current simulation results, bottom row—Mukherjee and Dhir simulation [ 33 ]. ( a ) Independent bubble growth leading to merged bubble, ( b ) oscillation of bubble on the heated s... More about this image found in Comparison of bubble merger showing bubble dynamics as the bubble merges an...

Fig. 6 Velocity streamlines of the three bubble merger case at six timestamps over the growing, merging, and departure of the bubble from t   = 0.5   ms to   t   = 31.8   ms More about this image found in Velocity streamlines of the three bubble merger case at six timestamps over...

Fig. 7 Wall shear stress at t = 5.0   ms of individual bubbles on the surface. Wall shear stress after bubble merging   t = 4.4   ms . Wall shear stress during the necking and departure of the bubble showing t = 17.7   ms and   t = 31.8   ms . Wall shear stres... More about this image found in Wall shear stress at t = 5.0   ms of individual bubbles on the su...