Electro-Osmotic Flow in Reservoir-Connected Flat Microchannels With Non-Uniform Zeta Potential

The effects of non-uniform zeta potentials on electro-osmotic flows in flat microchannels have been investigated with particular attention to reservoir effects. The governing equations, which consist of a Laplace equation for the distribution of external electric potential, a Poisson equation for the distribution of electric double layer potential, the Nernst-Planck equation for the distribution of charge density, and modified Navier-Stokes equations for the flow field are solved numerically for an incompressible steady flow of a Newtonian fluid using the finite-volume method. For the validation of the numerical scheme, the key features of an ideal electro-osmotic flow with uniform zeta potential have been compared with analytical solutions for the ionic concentration, electric potential, pressure, and velocity fields. When reservoirs are included in the analysis, an adverse pressure gradient is induced in the channel due to entrance and exit effects even when the reservoirs are at the same pressure. Non-uniform zeta potentials lead to complex flow fields, which are examined in detail.